Package | starling.display |
Class | public class Sprite3D |
Inheritance | Sprite3D DisplayObjectContainer DisplayObject EventDispatcher Object |
Starling is, at its heart, a 2D engine. However, sometimes, simple 3D effects are useful for special effects, e.g. for screen transitions or to turn playing cards realistically. This class makes it possible to create such 3D effects.
Positioning objects in 3D
Just like a normal sprite, you can add and remove children to this container, which allows you to group several display objects together. In addition to that, Sprite3D adds some interesting properties:
With the help of these properties, you can move a sprite and all its children in the 3D space. By nesting several Sprite3D containers, it's even possible to construct simple volumetric objects (like a cube).
Note that Starling does not make any z-tests: visibility is solely established by the order of the children, just as with 2D objects.
Setting up the camera
The camera settings are found directly on the stage. Modify the 'focalLength' or 'fieldOfView' properties to change the distance between stage and camera; use the 'projectionOffset' to move it to a different position.
Limitations
On rendering, each Sprite3D requires its own draw call — except if the object does not contain any 3D transformations ('z', 'rotationX/Y' and 'pivotZ' are zero). Furthermore, it interrupts the render cache, i.e. the cache cannot contain objects within different 3D coordinate systems. Flat contents within the Sprite3D will be cached, though.
Property | Defined By | ||
---|---|---|---|
alpha : Number The opacity of the object. | DisplayObject | ||
base : DisplayObject [read-only] The topmost object in the display tree the object is part of. | DisplayObject | ||
blendMode : String The blend mode determines how the object is blended with the objects underneath. | DisplayObject | ||
bounds : Rectangle [read-only] The bounds of the object relative to the local coordinates of the parent. | DisplayObject | ||
filter : FragmentFilter The filter that is attached to the display object. | DisplayObject | ||
height : Number The height of the object in pixels. | DisplayObject | ||
is3D : Boolean [read-only] Indicates if this object or any of its parents is a 'Sprite3D' object. | DisplayObject | ||
isFlat : Boolean [read-only] If true, this 3D object contains only 2D content. | Sprite3D | ||
mask : DisplayObject The display object that acts as a mask for the current object. | DisplayObject | ||
maskInverted : Boolean Indicates if the masked region of this object is set to be inverted. | DisplayObject | ||
name : String The name of the display object (default: null). | DisplayObject | ||
numChildren : int [read-only] The number of children of this container. | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
parent : DisplayObjectContainer [read-only] The display object container that contains this display object. | DisplayObject | ||
pivotX : Number The x coordinate of the object's origin in its own coordinate space (default: 0). | DisplayObject | ||
pivotY : Number The y coordinate of the object's origin in its own coordinate space (default: 0). | DisplayObject | ||
pivotZ : Number The z coordinate of the object's origin in its own coordinate space (default: 0). | Sprite3D | ||
requiresRedraw : Boolean [read-only] Indicates if the object needs to be redrawn in the upcoming frame, i.e. | DisplayObject | ||
root : DisplayObject [read-only] The root object the display object is connected to (i.e. | DisplayObject | ||
rotation : Number The rotation of the object in radians. | DisplayObject | ||
rotationX : Number The rotation of the object about the x axis, in radians. | Sprite3D | ||
rotationY : Number The rotation of the object about the y axis, in radians. | Sprite3D | ||
rotationZ : Number The rotation of the object about the z axis, in radians. | Sprite3D | ||
scale : Number Sets both 'scaleX' and 'scaleY' to the same value. | DisplayObject | ||
scaleX : Number The horizontal scale factor. | DisplayObject | ||
scaleY : Number The vertical scale factor. | DisplayObject | ||
scaleZ : Number The depth scale factor. | Sprite3D | ||
skewX : Number The horizontal skew angle in radians. | DisplayObject | ||
skewY : Number The vertical skew angle in radians. | DisplayObject | ||
stage : Stage [read-only] The stage the display object is connected to, or null if it is not connected
to the stage. | DisplayObject | ||
touchable : Boolean Indicates if this object (and its children) will receive touch events. | DisplayObject | ||
touchGroup : Boolean If a container is a 'touchGroup', it will act as a single touchable object. | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
transformationMatrix : Matrix [override] | Sprite3D | ||
transformationMatrix3D : Matrix3D [read-only] The 3D transformation matrix of the object relative to its parent. | DisplayObject | ||
useHandCursor : Boolean Indicates if the mouse cursor should transform into a hand while it's over the sprite. | DisplayObject | ||
visible : Boolean The visibility of the object. | DisplayObject | ||
width : Number The width of the object in pixels. | DisplayObject | ||
x : Number The x coordinate of the object relative to the local coordinates of the parent. | DisplayObject | ||
y : Number The y coordinate of the object relative to the local coordinates of the parent. | DisplayObject | ||
z : Number The z coordinate of the object relative to the local coordinates of the parent. | Sprite3D |
Method | Defined By | ||
---|---|---|---|
Sprite3D() Creates an empty Sprite3D. | Sprite3D | ||
Adds a child to the container. | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
Adds a child to the container at a certain index. | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
addEventListener(type:String, listener:Function):void [override] Registers an event listener at a certain object. | DisplayObject | ||
alignPivot(horizontalAlign:String = center, verticalAlign:String = center):void Moves the pivot point to a certain position within the local coordinate system
of the object. | DisplayObject | ||
broadcastEvent(event:Event):void Dispatches an event on all children (recursively). | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
broadcastEventWith(eventType:String, data:Object = null):void Dispatches an event with the given parameters on all children (recursively). | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
contains(child:DisplayObject):Boolean Determines if a certain object is a child of the container (recursively). | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
dispatchEvent(event:Event):void Dispatches an event to all objects that have registered listeners for its type. | EventDispatcher | ||
dispatchEventWith(type:String, bubbles:Boolean = false, data:Object = null):void Dispatches an event with the given parameters to all objects that have registered
listeners for the given type. | EventDispatcher | ||
dispose():void [override] Disposes the resources of all children. | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
drawToBitmapData(out:BitmapData = null, color:uint = 0x0, alpha:Number = 0.0):BitmapData Draws the object into a BitmapData object. | DisplayObject | ||
getBounds(targetSpace:DisplayObject, out:Rectangle = null):Rectangle [override] Returns a rectangle that completely encloses the object as it appears in another
coordinate system. | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
getChildAt(index:int):DisplayObject Returns a child object at a certain index. | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
getChildByName(name:String):DisplayObject Returns a child object with a certain name (non-recursively). | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
getChildIndex(child:DisplayObject):int Returns the index of a child within the container, or "-1" if it is not found. | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
getTransformationMatrix(targetSpace:DisplayObject, out:Matrix = null):Matrix Creates a matrix that represents the transformation from the local coordinate system
to another. | DisplayObject | ||
getTransformationMatrix3D(targetSpace:DisplayObject, out:Matrix3D = null):Matrix3D Creates a matrix that represents the transformation from the local coordinate system
to another. | DisplayObject | ||
globalToLocal(globalPoint:Point, out:Point = null):Point Transforms a point from global (stage) coordinates to the local coordinate system. | DisplayObject | ||
globalToLocal3D(globalPoint:Point, out:Vector3D = null):Vector3D Transforms a point from global (stage) coordinates to the 3D local coordinate system. | DisplayObject | ||
hasEventListener(type:String, listener:Function = null):Boolean If called with one argument, figures out if there are any listeners registered for
the given event type. | EventDispatcher | ||
hitTest(localPoint:Point):DisplayObject [override] Returns the object that is found topmost beneath a point in local coordinates, or nil
if the test fails. | Sprite3D | ||
hitTestMask(localPoint:Point):Boolean Checks if a certain point is inside the display object's mask. | DisplayObject | ||
local3DToGlobal(localPoint:Vector3D, out:Point = null):Point Transforms a 3D point from the local coordinate system to global (stage) coordinates. | DisplayObject | ||
localToGlobal(localPoint:Point, out:Point = null):Point Transforms a point from the local coordinate system to global (stage) coordinates. | DisplayObject | ||
Removes a child from the container. | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
removeChildAt(index:int, dispose:Boolean = false):DisplayObject Removes a child at a certain index. | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
removeChildren(beginIndex:int = 0, endIndex:int = -1, dispose:Boolean = false):void Removes a range of children from the container (endIndex included). | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
removeEventListener(type:String, listener:Function):void [override] Removes an event listener from the object. | DisplayObject | ||
removeEventListeners(type:String = null):void [override] Removes all event listeners with a certain type, or all of them if type is null. | DisplayObject | ||
removeFromParent(dispose:Boolean = false):void Removes the object from its parent, if it has one, and optionally disposes it. | DisplayObject | ||
[override] Renders the display object with the help of a painter object. | Sprite3D | ||
setChildIndex(child:DisplayObject, index:int):void Moves a child to a certain index. | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
setRequiresRedraw():void Forces the object to be redrawn in the next frame. | DisplayObject | ||
sortChildren(compareFunction:Function):void Sorts the children according to a given function (that works just like the sort function
of the Vector class). | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
Swaps the indexes of two children. | DisplayObjectContainer | ||
swapChildrenAt(index1:int, index2:int):void Swaps the indexes of two children. | DisplayObjectContainer |
isFlat | property |
isFlat:Boolean
[read-only] If true
, this 3D object contains only 2D content.
This means that rendering will be just as efficient as for a standard 2D object.
public function get isFlat():Boolean
pivotZ | property |
pivotZ:Number
The z coordinate of the object's origin in its own coordinate space (default: 0).
public function get pivotZ():Number
public function set pivotZ(value:Number):void
rotationX | property |
rotationX:Number
The rotation of the object about the x axis, in radians. (In Starling, all angles are measured in radians.)
public function get rotationX():Number
public function set rotationX(value:Number):void
rotationY | property |
rotationY:Number
The rotation of the object about the y axis, in radians. (In Starling, all angles are measured in radians.)
public function get rotationY():Number
public function set rotationY(value:Number):void
rotationZ | property |
rotationZ:Number
The rotation of the object about the z axis, in radians. (In Starling, all angles are measured in radians.)
public function get rotationZ():Number
public function set rotationZ(value:Number):void
scaleZ | property |
scaleZ:Number
The depth scale factor. '1' means no scale, negative values flip the object.
public function get scaleZ():Number
public function set scaleZ(value:Number):void
transformationMatrix | property |
transformationMatrix:Matrix
[override] public function get transformationMatrix():Matrix
public function set transformationMatrix(value:Matrix):void
z | property |
z:Number
The z coordinate of the object relative to the local coordinates of the parent. The z-axis points away from the camera, i.e. positive z-values will move the object further away from the viewer.
public function get z():Number
public function set z(value:Number):void
Sprite3D | () | Constructor |
public function Sprite3D()
Creates an empty Sprite3D.
hitTest | () | method |
override public function hitTest(localPoint:Point):DisplayObject
Returns the object that is found topmost beneath a point in local coordinates, or nil if the test fails. Untouchable and invisible objects will cause the test to fail.
Parameters
localPoint:Point |
DisplayObject |
render | () | method |
override public function render(painter:Painter):void
Renders the display object with the help of a painter object. Never call this method directly, except from within another render method.
Parameters
painter:Painter — Captures the current render state and provides utility functions
for rendering.
|
updateTransformationMatrices | () | method |
override starling_internal function updateTransformationMatrices(x:Number, y:Number, pivotX:Number, pivotY:Number, scaleX:Number, scaleY:Number, skewX:Number, skewY:Number, rotation:Number, out:Matrix, out3D:Matrix3D):void
Parameters
x:Number | |
y:Number | |
pivotX:Number | |
pivotY:Number | |
scaleX:Number | |
scaleY:Number | |
skewX:Number | |
skewY:Number | |
rotation:Number | |
out:Matrix | |
out3D:Matrix3D |
updateTransformationMatrices3D | () | method |
starling_internal function updateTransformationMatrices3D(x:Number, y:Number, z:Number, pivotX:Number, pivotY:Number, pivotZ:Number, scaleX:Number, scaleY:Number, scaleZ:Number, rotationX:Number, rotationY:Number, rotationZ:Number, out:Matrix, out3D:Matrix3D):void
Parameters
x:Number | |
y:Number | |
z:Number | |
pivotX:Number | |
pivotY:Number | |
pivotZ:Number | |
scaleX:Number | |
scaleY:Number | |
scaleZ:Number | |
rotationX:Number | |
rotationY:Number | |
rotationZ:Number | |
out:Matrix | |
out3D:Matrix3D |